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资深报人,著名时评政论家,厦门大学文学博士。先后出版十余本著作,包括《马来西亚华人政治思潮演变》、《巫统政治风暴》、《林苍佑评传》、《柬埔寨的悲剧》,《以巴千年恩怨》、《槟城华人两百年》及《伍连德医生评传》等著作。 目前担任马来西亚一带一路研究中心主席、马来西亚中国客家总商会会长及中天咨询有限公司董事长

18.11.10

再益要向陈志勤学什么?(直挂云帆)

争议性人物再益依布拉欣在接受《前锋报》及《新海峡时报》访问时,不排除会成立一个新政党,以延续其政治斗争。

原本再益在本月9日高调退出竞选及辞卸党职后的翌日,又在吉打高调说如果他被开除,将组成“新公正党”来反击。但以目前的政治局势,再多一个政党会受到欢迎吗?会不会使到反对党增添变数?这些都是值得探讨的。

首先,他在接受专访时表示野心不大,只是希望新政党能以捍卫民主为基础,确保政府负责任与透明,如果能够赢得1或2个席位,他将会非常感恩。

在他看来,反对党已与国阵没有差别;而他以第三势力可以向执政和反对党左右开弓。不过他会对某些课题支持首相纳吉。这就是说,再益的“新党”是比较接近执政党的。虽然他没有指明他的新党的政纲和方向,但他暗示会步陈志勤的脚步。

究竟谁是陈志勤?当我们揭开这段历史后,或者就能得到答案到底马来西亚需不需要新政党凑热闹?

陈志勤不是劳工党的创党人,但他在50年代就已经参加劳工党。他没有参加1955年及1959年的大选。由于在1959年领导雪州社阵(劳工党与人民党组成的阵线)参选取得立足点,在同一年被选为劳工党全国副主席。1964年他首次参加国州大选而胜出,社阵另一位中选者是林建寿。换句话说,那一年势力最庞大的反对党社阵出人意表在大选中栽筋斗,执政的联盟大捷。

在反对党阵营中,除了回教党有9席外,其他的反对党只剩下民主联合党1席(林苍祐),人民进步党2席(SP及DR辛尼华沙甘昆仲)及社阵2席(陈志勤及林建寿);尤其是1965年新加坡退出马来西亚及杰出的民主斗士DR辛尼华沙甘于1968年病逝后,整个马来西亚的国会尽是联盟的天下,反对党相形见拙,而其中最为勤力和善于发言的陈志勤也就被国会标签为“反对党先生”的美誉,即使是联盟政府也不否定这一称号,因为陈志勤在政府的眼中是温和与中庸的反对党人。

再益说要学习和仿效陈志勤,大概是羡慕在那个时候,陈志勤是国会风头最健的人物,然而他并没有看到陈志勤“落难”的一面,也是在1968年,陈志勤被党内的“文革”激进派批判为议会迷,且胪列“罪状”公开谴责。在无可奈何下,他选择离开劳工党,另立民政党。虽然劳工党的一些激进派给他造成难堪,但他从来没有恶言相向,也没有对走激进路线的劳工党有所抱怨和谴责。

1969年的大选,也是陈志勤扬眉吐气的日子。他领导的民政党赢得8个国席,更在林苍祐的领导下,夺下槟州执政权。

可惜一山难容二虎,1971年陈志勤发难对付林苍祐,企图罢黜其首席部长职。讵料反被林苍祐挫败。在夺权失败后,陈志勤又另立新党,取名为《社会正义党》(简称社正党)。

这个党摆明是从民政党分裂出来的,但以反对党的姿态参加1974年的大选,显然得不到民主行动党的配合与支持。在反对党“自相残杀”下(那一年反对党阵营有行动党、社正党、人民党和回教党的各自为政),自然遭遇如日冲天的国阵(联盟扩大的组合)的沉重打击。可怜的社正党只有陈志勤1人中选国会议员及另1人王裕好中选州议员(总共派出36人角逐国席及91人角逐州席)。翌年王裕好跳槽马华公会,再一年(1976年)吞枪自杀,剩下陈志勤1人苦撑大局,加之行动不便,最终放弃政治活动。因此到了1978年的大选,陈胜尧代师父出马参加甲洞国会选举,但得不到行动的祝福,也就败下阵来。经此一役,社正党也关门大吉了。而当1982年陈胜尧转代表行动党出战甲洞时,国阵(民政)的郭洙镇不敌了。

另外一个反对党较社正党迟成立的是社民党(1978年由行动党前槟州主席叶锦源成立,党全名是“社会主义民主党”。他是因与林吉祥闹翻而率支持者另起炉灶)。

虽然这个党在后来得到行动党一员大将范俊登(副秘书长,曾于1974年大选击败进步党党魁SP辛尼华沙甘,而声名大噪;也因一时与林吉祥的交恶退出行动党)的支持,并接过领导棒子参加1982年的大选,也是与1978年一样全军覆没。这反映出反对党在互不相让的四分五裂下,出现的结局是两败俱伤的,而势力较小的反对党往往吃大亏,前有社正党,后有社民党,已足以说明反对党成立容易,但要立足却不简单。

就拿老牌的人民党来说,当它在1974年独自上路参加大选时,也是全部铩羽而归,直到2003年才出现与公正党合并事件,但后来又搞到人民党尚未解散而自成一格。

经过多年的斗争,证明了“分裂下沉,团结有望”。例如1969年的大选,反对党基本上达成君子协定,主要是民政党与民主行动党有了默契,终于取得佳绩。

在1990年时,也是反对党有了合作,才出现回教党取回吉兰丹州政权及槟州差点又再变天。如果不是46精神党雷声大雨点小,结果会有所不同的。但因为46党后劲不继,才有后来解散(1996年)的故事。

来到1999年的大选,也是反对党结成联盟,但最大的得益者是回教党,连取两州执政权,国席跃增至27席。这主要是人民在种族情绪影响下,只在东海岸卷起反风,而主导反对党联盟的公正党虽占不了优势,但已取得立足点。

因为这样,安华在2008年才坚持继续团结合作,才有了308的政治海啸。如今才不过两年有余,人们都盼望两线制能成长和巩固,以利民主的发展。当然不希望增加反对党来“添乱”。

既然再益只想重回国会,他可以用独立人士的身份选择一个对他有利的选区进攻,大可不必大费周章地大张旗鼓地另立新党,因为陈志勤及范俊登的教训已足以引以为鉴的。

刊登于2010年11月18日《东方日报》

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